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The Ultimate Guide to 100 Web Vulnerabilities (categorized)

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The Ultimate Guide to 100 Web Vulnerabilities (categorized)

Table of contents

Introduction
In the ever-evolving landscape of web security, understanding vulnerabilities is critical for developers, security professionals, and organizations. This comprehensive guide explores 100 web vulnerabilities, categorized for clarity, to help you identify risks and implement robust defenses. Let’s dive in!

1. Injection Exploits

Attacks where malicious code or commands are injected into systems.

  1. SQL Injection (SQLi): Exploits database queries to manipulate or extract data.

  2. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Injects malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users.

  3. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): Tricks users into executing unwanted actions on authenticated sites.

  4. Remote Code Execution (RCE): Allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on a server.

  5. Command Injection: Injects OS commands via vulnerable input fields.

  6. XML Injection: Manipulates XML data to disrupt applications.

  7. LDAP Injection: Exploits LDAP queries to access unauthorized data.

  8. XPath Injection: Targets XML document queries to extract information.

  9. HTML Injection: Inserts malicious HTML content into web pages.

  10. Server-Side Includes (SSI) Injection: Exploits SSI directives to run server commands.

  11. OS Command Injection: Similar to Command Injection, targeting OS-level operations.

2. Broken Authentication & Session Management

Flaws in user authentication or session handling.
12. Blind SQL Injection: SQLi without visible feedback, relying on behavioral analysis.
13. Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI): Injects malicious code into server-side templates.
14. Session Fixation: Forces users to use a predetermined session ID.
15. Brute Force Attack: Repeated login attempts to guess credentials.
16. Session Hijacking: Steals active session IDs to impersonate users.
17. Password Cracking: Decrypting or guessing weak passwords.
18. Weak Password Storage: Storing passwords without proper hashing or encryption.
19. Insecure Authentication: Flawed login mechanisms (e.g., missing MFA).
20. Cookie Theft: Stealing cookies to hijack sessions.
21. Credential Reuse: Using compromised credentials across multiple platforms.

3. Sensitive Data Exposure

Risks related to mishandling confidential data.
22. Inadequate Encryption: Using weak or outdated encryption algorithms.
23. Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR): Accessing unauthorized data via manipulated inputs.
24. Data Leakage: Unintentional exposure of sensitive data (e.g., logs, APIs).
25. Unencrypted Data Storage: Storing data without encryption.
26. Missing Security Headers: Absence of headers like CSP or HSTS.
27. Insecure File Handling: Poor validation of file uploads/downloads.

4. Security Misconfiguration

Poorly configured infrastructure or applications.
28. Default Passwords: Using unchanged factory-set credentials.
29. Directory Listing: Exposing directory contents due to disabled indexing.
30. Unprotected API Endpoints: APIs lacking authentication or rate limiting.
31. Open Ports and Services: Unnecessary open ports inviting attacks.
32. Improper Access Controls: Failing to enforce least-privilege access.
33. Information Disclosure: Leaking system details (e.g., version numbers).
34. Unpatched Software: Not updating vulnerable components.
35. Misconfigured CORS: Incorrect Cross-Origin Resource Sharing policies.
36. HTTP Security Headers Misconfiguration: Incorrect or missing security headers.

Attacks targeting XML processors.
37. XML External Entity (XXE) Injection: Exploits XML parsers to access internal resources.
38. XML Entity Expansion (XEE): Overloads systems via recursive entity expansions.
39. XML Bomb: Crafted XML payloads causing denial of service.

6. Broken Access Control

Unauthorized access to resources.
40. Inadequate Authorization: Missing role-based access checks.
41. Privilege Escalation: Gaining higher-level permissions illegitimately.
42. Insecure Direct Object References (reiterated): Same as #23.
43. Forceful Browsing: Accessing restricted URLs by guessing paths.
44. Missing Function-Level Access Control: No checks for function-specific permissions.

7. Insecure Deserialization

Exploiting serialized data.
45. Remote Code Execution via Deserialization: Malicious payloads in serialized objects.
46. Data Tampering: Altering serialized data to manipulate app logic.
47. Object Injection: Injecting malicious objects during deserialization.

8. API Security Issues

Flaws in API design or implementation.
48. Insecure API Endpoints: APIs lacking authentication/encryption.
49. API Key Exposure: Leaking keys in client-side code or logs.
50. Lack of Rate Limiting: Allowing unlimited API requests.
51. Inadequate Input Validation: Failing to sanitize API inputs.

9. Insecure Communication

Risks in data transmission.
52. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack: Intercepting unencrypted communications.
53. Insufficient Transport Layer Security: Weak TLS configurations.
54. Insecure SSL/TLS Configuration: Outdated protocols/ciphers.
55. Insecure Communication Protocols: Using HTTP instead of HTTPS.

10. Client-Side Vulnerabilities

Exploits targeting end-user devices.
56. DOM-based XSS: XSS manipulated through the Document Object Model.
57. Insecure Cross-Origin Communication: Flaws in CORS or postMessage().
58. Browser Cache Poisoning: Injecting malicious content into caches.
59. Clickjacking: Tricking users into clicking hidden UI elements.
60. HTML5 Security Issues: Vulnerabilities in HTML5 features (e.g., Web Storage).

11. Denial of Service (DoS)

Attacks disrupting service availability.
61. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS): Overwhelming traffic from multiple sources.
62. Application Layer DoS: Targeting app-specific functions (e.g., login pages).
63. Resource Exhaustion: Consuming server resources (CPU, memory).
64. Slowloris Attack: Keeping server connections open to exhaust resources.
65. XML Denial of Service: Overloading XML parsers.

12. Other Web Vulnerabilities

Miscellaneous risks.
66. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): Forcing a server to access internal resources.
67. HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP): Manipulating parameters to alter app behavior.
68. Insecure Redirects and Forwards: Redirecting users to malicious sites.
69. File Inclusion Vulnerabilities: Including unauthorized files (Local/Remote File Inclusion).
70. Security Header Bypass: Circumventing headers like CSP or X-Frame-Options.
71. Clickjacking (reiterated): Duplicate of #59.
72. Inadequate Session Timeout: Sessions remaining active too long.
73. Insufficient Logging and Monitoring: Failing to detect breaches.
74. Business Logic Vulnerabilities: Flaws in workflow design (e.g., payment bypass).
75. API Abuse: Exploiting APIs for unintended purposes.

13. Mobile Web Vulnerabilities

Risks specific to mobile environments.
76. Insecure Data Storage on Mobile Devices: Unencrypted local storage.
77. Insecure Data Transmission on Mobile Devices: Weak mobile app-to-server encryption.
78. Insecure Mobile API Endpoints: Poorly secured mobile APIs.
79. Mobile App Reverse Engineering: Decompiling apps to extract secrets.

14. IoT & Web of Things (WoT) Vulnerabilities

IoT/WoT-specific threats.
80. Insecure IoT Device Management: Weak device provisioning/updating.
81. Weak Authentication on IoT Devices: Default or hardcoded credentials.
82. IoT Device Vulnerabilities: Unpatched firmware or open ports.
83. Unauthorized Access to Smart Homes: Exploiting smart home systems.
84. IoT Data Privacy Issues: Leaking sensitive data from IoT devices.

15. Authentication Bypass

Circumventing login mechanisms.
85. Insecure "Remember Me" Functionality: Storing credentials unsafely.
86. CAPTCHA Bypass: Automating solutions to bypass CAPTCHAs.

16. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Advanced SSRF variants.
87. Blind SSRF: Exploiting SSRF without direct feedback.
88. Time-Based Blind SSRF: Inferring success via response delays.

17. Content Spoofing

Deceiving users through fake content.
89. MIME Sniffing: Browsers misinterpreting content types.
90. X-Content-Type-Options Bypass: Forcing incorrect MIME handling.
91. Content Security Policy (CSP) Bypass: Evading CSP restrictions.

18. Business Logic Flaws

Design-level vulnerabilities.
92. Inconsistent Validation: Discrepancies in input checks across systems.
93. Race Conditions: Exploiting timing gaps in concurrent processes.
94. Order Processing Vulnerabilities: Manipulating transactions (e.g., negative prices).
95. Price Manipulation: Altering product prices via API/web forms.
96. Account Enumeration: Identifying valid user accounts via error messages.
97. User-Based Flaws: Privilege abuse by malicious insiders.

19. Zero-Day Vulnerabilities

Unknown or unaddressed exploits.
98. Unknown Vulnerabilities: Flaws not yet discovered by developers.
99. Unpatched Vulnerabilities: Known risks without available fixes.
100. Day-Zero Exploits: Attacks occurring before a patch is released.

Conclusion
This list underscores the importance of proactive security practices, including regular audits, penetration testing, and staying updated on emerging threats. By understanding these 100 vulnerabilities, organizations can build resilient systems and foster a security-first mindset.

Disclaimer
This blog is for educational purposes only, based on the "100 Web Vulnerabilities List". The author is not responsible for any damages or losses from using this information. Always consult cybersecurity professionals and follow best practices.

Author: @hothead01th

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